LANDSAT-5 was equipped with a multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM). MSS is an optical sensor designed to observe solar radiation, which is reflected from the Earth's surface in four different spectral bands, using a combination of the optical system and the sensor. TM is a more advanced version of the observation equipment used in the MSS, which observes the Earth's surface in seven spectral bands that range from visible to thermal infrared regions.
The LANDSAT-7 satellite was successfully launched from Vandenburg Air Force Base on April 15, 1999. LANDSAT-7 is a 5,000 pound-class satellite, designed for a 705 km, sun-synchronous, earth mapping orbit with a 16-day repeat cycle. The payload is a single nadir-pointing instrument, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). S-Band is used for commanding and housekeeping telemetry operations, while X-Band is used for instrument data downlink. A 378 gigabit solid state recorder (SSR) can hold 42 minutes of instrument data and 29 hours of housekeeping telemetry concurrently.
LANDSAT-7 is equipped with Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), the successor of TM. The observation bands are essentially the same seven bands as TM, and the newly added panchromatic band 8, with a high resolution of 15m was added. An instrument malfunction occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired since July 14, 2003 have been collected in "SLC-off" mode
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